Feudalism –
Term used by historians to describe the governmental
system and the relationships between landowners and warriors
Warrior, also known as knights, would pledge his
alliance to a lord, who give that knight land
The lord would grant fief to the knight, then they’d
become the lord’s vassal = this was called the feudal compact
Fief= property
Vassal= servant
The lord might fight for the lord when it is needed
and attend the lord’s court once a month (meet with the lord and discuss
things.)
Vassal would pay homage to the lord= kneeling down
and taking the lords hands while speaking about his loyalty to him
Men were apprentices to old knights before coming
full knights themselves
When a knight died, his fief would go to his son.
The lord would be the protector of the son or daughter if they were underage.
Some clergy were knights themselves too
Barons= the next level up from lords, they were
lords of large territories who paid homage to the king
often barons army could outnumber the kings, which kept check on the kings power
medieval society was divided into three 'estates': the clergy, the nobility, and the common people
Manors: big plantation that were owned by a lord or a lady
peasants would do the farming on manors
iron plows and water powered grinding mills, helped with farming
'three field system'- two fields were planted (one in the fall, one in the spring)
one field was left to reconstitute its fertility- then it was rotated
villages were on and around manors with small cottages for the peasants
a large manor house was for the lord and lady
this was a period of time where there wasn't any progress
the lord oversaw major agriculture issues
the lady of the house ran house hold operations, entertained guests, and oversaw servants
most peasants were serfs, meaning they were bound to land and to their lords for 'labor service' a few days each week
the serfs were responsible for the 'internal colonization' of Europe, that is the cultivating and settling of previously uninhabited land
the agricultural boom after 1000 allowed for the establishment of many towns across Europe
farm produce and towns were sold in towns and people with wealth brought their luxury items there
Europeans exported wool, linen, horses, weaponry, and slaves
spices and silks came overland from port cities like Venice and Genoa who received the good from eastern capitals like Constantinople.
most medieval towns were surrounded by walls
residences also spray up outside the walls called suburbs
towns had main church and marketplace
buildings for the craft guilds and the wealthiest families would also be in the center of the town
townspeople- were free unlike serfs, they still had a hierarchy. merchants were at the top, then it was skilled craftsmen and artisans, then unskilled labors and apprentices
guild-
merchant, craftsmen, artisans formed their own groups called guilds which regulated their trade and protected its members
craftsmen were classified as masters, journeymen and apprentices
one became a master, after spending years learning as a apprentice, working as a paid journeyman , and then completing his masterpiece
guilds went to festivals, social organizations, and provided for charities
this was a period of time where there wasn't any progress
the lord oversaw major agriculture issues
the lady of the house ran house hold operations, entertained guests, and oversaw servants
most peasants were serfs, meaning they were bound to land and to their lords for 'labor service' a few days each week
the serfs were responsible for the 'internal colonization' of Europe, that is the cultivating and settling of previously uninhabited land
the agricultural boom after 1000 allowed for the establishment of many towns across Europe
farm produce and towns were sold in towns and people with wealth brought their luxury items there
Europeans exported wool, linen, horses, weaponry, and slaves
spices and silks came overland from port cities like Venice and Genoa who received the good from eastern capitals like Constantinople.
most medieval towns were surrounded by walls
residences also spray up outside the walls called suburbs
towns had main church and marketplace
buildings for the craft guilds and the wealthiest families would also be in the center of the town
townspeople- were free unlike serfs, they still had a hierarchy. merchants were at the top, then it was skilled craftsmen and artisans, then unskilled labors and apprentices
guild-
merchant, craftsmen, artisans formed their own groups called guilds which regulated their trade and protected its members
craftsmen were classified as masters, journeymen and apprentices
one became a master, after spending years learning as a apprentice, working as a paid journeyman , and then completing his masterpiece
guilds went to festivals, social organizations, and provided for charities
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